Himalayan Balsam

Species and Names

Species/ Impatiens glandulifera
Common Names/ Policeman’s Helmet, Indian Balsam

Height	1 to 2m
Stem	Reddish
Leaves	3 in whorl, elyptical, red toothed
Flower	Purple-pink (occasionally white), short curved spurs
Seeds	In explosive pod upto 25mm long

Himalayan balsam is a tall, beautiful plant from the Himalayas in Asia. Its large pink flowers can be seen along riverbanks across the United Kingdom as the species favours damp conditions. The species can spread rapidly and oust native species, reducing the ecological value of the land and leaving the soil vulnerable to erosion.

Why is it in the UK?

Himalayan balsam was first introduced to the United Kingdom in the 1830s as an ornamental plant. It did not take long for the species to escape and start growing in the wild.

How does it spread?

Each plant can produce over 2000 seeds which are distributed by their exploding seed heads. The explosion can propel the seeds up to 5 metres, often into rivers and waterways which then further the distribution of the species.

What damage can it cause?

Himalayan balsam can grow tall and in dense clusters. By doing so it can prevent the smaller native plant species from growing as there is not enough light for them. This causes problems on riverbanks which are dependent on the root systems of the native species to provide stability. Without the native plants binding the soil with their roots, when the Himalayan balsam dies back in autumn the riverbanks are susceptible to erosion in periods of heavy rainfall.

Often Mistaken for...

Rosebay Willowherb (Chamaenerion angustifolium), Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea).